Hôm qua lang thang trên mạng thấy nhiều tài liệu hay và hình ảnh post lên đây để anh em tham khảo.Một số tài liệu viết bằng tiếng Anh chưa có thời gian nên em sẽ translate sau cho anh em:
Tên Việt Nam: Chào mào
Tên Latin:Pycnonotus jocosus
Họ: Chào mào Pycnonotidae
Bộ:Sẻ Passeriformes
Nhóm:Chim
CHÀO MÀO
Pycnonotus jocosus (Linnaeus)
Lanius jocosus Linnaeus, 1758
Họ: Chào mào Pycnonotidae
Bộ: Sẻ Passeriformes
Chim trưởng thành:
Mào dài và nhọn. Trán, đỉnh đầu, mào, trước mắt và hai bên đầu đen. Mặt lưng, kể cả cánh và đuôi nâu, các lông cánh sơ cấp viền màu nhạt hơn và mút các lông đuôi hai bên có vệt trắng. Phía dưới mắt có việt đỏ thắm. Má trắng viền đen.
Cằm và họng trắng. Hai bên ngực có vệt nâu thẫm lớn tạo thành vòng đứt đoạn ở trước ngực. Bụng trắng nhạt hay trắng, hai bên sườn và đùi nâu nhạt. Dưới đuôi đỏ. Mắt nâu. Mỏ và chân đen.
Kích thước:
Cánh: (đực): 85 - 90, (cái): 82 - 87; đuôi: 86 - 96; giò: 21 - 22; mỏ: 14 - 15mm.
Phân bố:
Chào mào phân bố ở Bắc ấn Độ, Bắc Miến Điện, Bắc TháiLan, Nam Trung Quốc và Đông Dương. Ở Việt Nam loài này rất phổ biến từ biên giới phía Bắc cho đến Hải Vân và Kontum.
http://www.llk.ee/galerii/images/normal/tv_redwhiskeredbulbul030209.JPG
http://www.kolkatabirds.com/south/redwhiskeredbulbul8si.jpg
http://www.wcd13phrae.com/Doi Luang/Pycnonotus3.jpg
<TABLE class=imagetable border=0 width=0 align=center><TBODY><TR><TD colSpan=2>
Ageing Red-whiskered Bulbul
Ageing:
Young birds are only possible to age before their first moult. Skull neumatisation can not be used because of the black skin on the head, making it impossible to see the process of calcification of the skull. I checked some non-feathered parts like the bill (color of the palate, tongue, etc), iris color and none had a correlation with ageing (or at least to my eyes).
Rwbulbul (with the data we collected) do a Postbreeding complete moult and a Postjuvenile complete moult. What does it mean? Easy, Juveniles do a moult changing all the feathers and adults as well after their breeding time or fledging of the nest. So after this moult all signs of juvenile or adult are gone away (like many other birds in Mauritius). So that makes you able to age them for a short period of time and always carefully. If you follow the next instructions you won't age them wrong. If you have doubts make pictures of wing an head of the birds and I will help you, otherwise I strongly recommend you to put 1k+:
Adult (2k+): Worn primaries, secondaries and tertiaries. Presence of red whiskers.
Juvenile (1k): Fresh Primaries, Secondaries and Tertiaries. No presence of red whiskers.
Indeterminate (1k+): Fresh Primaries, Secondaries and Tertiaries. Presence of red whiskers. These birds are Juveniles or Adults that moulted completely and there is no way to find out. At the end of the breeding season you will get many of these ones. But remember, birds in Mauritius have a long breeding period so birds that breed in October will be moulted by now, specially in the low areas and some birds will be quite worn so you could age some moulted Juveniles as unmoulted adults.
Moulting birds: Take special care when ageing these birds. Remained old, brown feathers at the whiskers are from Juveniles. Anyhow, Juveniles could moult the whiskers and still be moulting the remiges. Then you have to compare (After a while it’s easy) the new Remiges (moulted or moulting) and the old ones (From the nest, so relatively fresh). You won't see a big difference betwen old and new feathers. Adults birds you should be able to see a big difference between new feathers and old ones (these old feathers would be from the last moult a year ago so very worn, specially.
Sexing Red-whiskered Bulbul
Sexing:
Not all birds can be sexed. No evidence of difference in cloacal protuberances between males and females. Size is helpful but not definitive. Length of the whiskers helpful but not definitive. Presence of eggs is definitive but rare.
Female: Presence of brood patches (only females they seem to develop). Juveniles develope an area without feathers not to be confused with a brood patch. Shorter whiskers than males. Shorter wing length 78-85mm (N=52).
Male: No presence of brood patches. Longer whiskers. Longer wing length 83-91 (N=27). Many birds don’t have brood patch but doesn’t mean that they are males, they could be non-breeding females. So to age males the best is a combination of missing brood patch, long whiskers and long wing length.
Tên Việt Nam: Chào mào
Tên Latin:Pycnonotus jocosus
Họ: Chào mào Pycnonotidae
Bộ:Sẻ Passeriformes
Nhóm:Chim
CHÀO MÀO
Pycnonotus jocosus (Linnaeus)
Lanius jocosus Linnaeus, 1758
Họ: Chào mào Pycnonotidae
Bộ: Sẻ Passeriformes
Chim trưởng thành:
Mào dài và nhọn. Trán, đỉnh đầu, mào, trước mắt và hai bên đầu đen. Mặt lưng, kể cả cánh và đuôi nâu, các lông cánh sơ cấp viền màu nhạt hơn và mút các lông đuôi hai bên có vệt trắng. Phía dưới mắt có việt đỏ thắm. Má trắng viền đen.
Cằm và họng trắng. Hai bên ngực có vệt nâu thẫm lớn tạo thành vòng đứt đoạn ở trước ngực. Bụng trắng nhạt hay trắng, hai bên sườn và đùi nâu nhạt. Dưới đuôi đỏ. Mắt nâu. Mỏ và chân đen.
Kích thước:
Cánh: (đực): 85 - 90, (cái): 82 - 87; đuôi: 86 - 96; giò: 21 - 22; mỏ: 14 - 15mm.
Phân bố:
Chào mào phân bố ở Bắc ấn Độ, Bắc Miến Điện, Bắc TháiLan, Nam Trung Quốc và Đông Dương. Ở Việt Nam loài này rất phổ biến từ biên giới phía Bắc cho đến Hải Vân và Kontum.
http://www.llk.ee/galerii/images/normal/tv_redwhiskeredbulbul030209.JPG
http://www.kolkatabirds.com/south/redwhiskeredbulbul8si.jpg
http://www.wcd13phrae.com/Doi Luang/Pycnonotus3.jpg
<TABLE class=imagetable border=0 width=0 align=center><TBODY><TR><TD colSpan=2>
Ageing Red-whiskered Bulbul
Ageing:
Young birds are only possible to age before their first moult. Skull neumatisation can not be used because of the black skin on the head, making it impossible to see the process of calcification of the skull. I checked some non-feathered parts like the bill (color of the palate, tongue, etc), iris color and none had a correlation with ageing (or at least to my eyes).
Rwbulbul (with the data we collected) do a Postbreeding complete moult and a Postjuvenile complete moult. What does it mean? Easy, Juveniles do a moult changing all the feathers and adults as well after their breeding time or fledging of the nest. So after this moult all signs of juvenile or adult are gone away (like many other birds in Mauritius). So that makes you able to age them for a short period of time and always carefully. If you follow the next instructions you won't age them wrong. If you have doubts make pictures of wing an head of the birds and I will help you, otherwise I strongly recommend you to put 1k+:
Adult (2k+): Worn primaries, secondaries and tertiaries. Presence of red whiskers.
Juvenile (1k): Fresh Primaries, Secondaries and Tertiaries. No presence of red whiskers.
Indeterminate (1k+): Fresh Primaries, Secondaries and Tertiaries. Presence of red whiskers. These birds are Juveniles or Adults that moulted completely and there is no way to find out. At the end of the breeding season you will get many of these ones. But remember, birds in Mauritius have a long breeding period so birds that breed in October will be moulted by now, specially in the low areas and some birds will be quite worn so you could age some moulted Juveniles as unmoulted adults.
Moulting birds: Take special care when ageing these birds. Remained old, brown feathers at the whiskers are from Juveniles. Anyhow, Juveniles could moult the whiskers and still be moulting the remiges. Then you have to compare (After a while it’s easy) the new Remiges (moulted or moulting) and the old ones (From the nest, so relatively fresh). You won't see a big difference betwen old and new feathers. Adults birds you should be able to see a big difference between new feathers and old ones (these old feathers would be from the last moult a year ago so very worn, specially.
Sexing Red-whiskered Bulbul
Sexing:
Not all birds can be sexed. No evidence of difference in cloacal protuberances between males and females. Size is helpful but not definitive. Length of the whiskers helpful but not definitive. Presence of eggs is definitive but rare.
Female: Presence of brood patches (only females they seem to develop). Juveniles develope an area without feathers not to be confused with a brood patch. Shorter whiskers than males. Shorter wing length 78-85mm (N=52).
Male: No presence of brood patches. Longer whiskers. Longer wing length 83-91 (N=27). Many birds don’t have brood patch but doesn’t mean that they are males, they could be non-breeding females. So to age males the best is a combination of missing brood patch, long whiskers and long wing length.
Chỉnh sửa lần cuối bởi người điều hành: